The microspheres are robust and the high density of the SERS active Ag nanoparticles on the microspheres provided unique signal averaging for the method to be potentially quantitative which is an urgent goal for SERS substrate design and SERS analysis. SERS experiments with 4-aminobenzenethiol (4-ABT) as the indicator showed that the resulting multifunctional microspheres allowed the production of highly consistent enhancement of the Raman signals down to nM concentrations of 4-ABT, making them highly desirable candidates as the enhancers for high performance SERS analysis and as SERS optical labels in biomedical imaging. In addition to PS, there are several reports on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and its copolymeric nanospheres as hard templates. The vertically aligned synthesized ZnO nanorod arrays served as a template for the growth of 1.75 atomic Mg doped ZnO. Preliminary results indicated that the microspheres are easily prepared with exceptional chemical and physical uniformity. This study successfully synthesized the first coreshell ZnO/Mg doped ZnO (ZnO:Mg) nanorod arrays on p-silicon (100) substrates using the simple hydrothermal method. Spherical PSPAA micelles upon acid treatment are known to assemble into cylindrical micelles. The Ag nanoparticle shell is stabilized with a silica layer using a sol–gel process, which is also functionalizable with reactive epoxides for further bio-conjugation using epoxy ring-opening methods. A variety of nanoparticles are encapsulated in polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PSPAA) shells and then used as monomers for their self-assembly. The shell of silver nanoparticles, formed in situ by controlled interfacial reduction of AgNO 3 with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), serves as the optimal metal enhancer for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy ( SERS). Polystyrene/polythiophene (PSt/PTh) core/shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a one-pot Fe3+-catalyzed oxidative and soap-free emulsion. The monodisperse polymer core of poly(styrene- co-acrylic acid), prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization, serves as the supporting template to facilitate the synthesis and handling of the highly functionalized substrates to achieve consistent mechanical and surface chemical properties. A new type of polymer core and silver nanoparticle/ silica shell multifunctional composite microsphere is reported.
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